| Date | Panel | Item | Activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2527 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: NAGA as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2527 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark Gene: naga has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2527 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: NAGA were changed from to Schindler disease, type I and type II 609241 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2526 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: NAGA were set to | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2525 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark Mode of inheritance for gene: NAGA was changed from Unknown to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2524 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: NAGA as Amber List (moderate evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2524 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark Gene: naga has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2523 | NAGA | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: NAGA: Changed rating: AMBER | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2060 | NAGA | Rylee Peters reviewed gene: NAGA: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 8782044, 31468281, 15619430, 31890708, 11313741; Phenotypes: Kanzaki disease, MIM# 609242, Schindler disease, type I and type II 609241; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.2028 | ALG12 |
John Coleman gene: ALG12 was added gene: ALG12 was added to Genetic Epilepsy. Sources: NHS GMS,Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ALG12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ALG12 were set to (PMID: 33618527) Phenotypes for gene: ALG12 were set to CONGENITAL DISORDER OF GLYCOSYLATION, TYPE Ig; OMIM: 607144 Review for gene: ALG12 was set to RED Added comment: Causes AR congenital disorder of gylcosolation type Ig. Listed as red list on panel app UK for Genetic Epilepsy. Epilepsy/ seizures not reported on OMIM phenotype. Seizure listed on Gene-reviews under CDG Ig however citations for this are linked to papers about CDG overall/ biochemical evidence rather than ALG12 variants. Pubmed search for "ALG12" and "epilepsy" shows no results. Search for "ALG12" and "seizure" linked to one paper only (PMID: 33618527), again only mention of seizure in this paper is related to CDGs in general and not a specific patient with ALG12/ CDG Type Ig. No established evidence of seizures or epilepsy in ALG12/ CDG type Ig phenotype. Sources: NHS GMS, Literature |
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| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1958 | AGA | Zornitza Stark Marked gene: AGA as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1958 | AGA | Zornitza Stark Gene: aga has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1958 | AGA | Zornitza Stark Phenotypes for gene: AGA were changed from to Aspartylglucosaminuria, MIM# 208400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1957 | AGA | Zornitza Stark Classified gene: AGA as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1957 | AGA | Zornitza Stark Gene: aga has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1950 | AGA | John Coleman edited their review of gene: AGA: Changed phenotypes: Seizures, Epilepsy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1950 | AGA |
John Coleman gene: AGA was added gene: AGA was added to Genetic Epilepsy. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AGA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: AGA were set to (PMID: 33439067; 8333236; 19175389; 15036433; 8064811; 8946839; 1756604) Review for gene: AGA was set to GREEN Added comment: ASPARTYLGLUCOSAMINURIA (amino acid disorder) a severe lysosomal recessive disorder presenting with CNS, skeletal and connective tissue manifestations. Seizures or epilpesy of various types recorded across the literature. A Finnish cohort reported 1 child and 22 adults with epilepsy. Likely a founder finish mutation common with some cases in Norway and Sweden reported. Case reports of startle epilepsy and Sleep-related hypermotor seizures in aspartylglucosaminuria are also present. Japanese family with 2 siblings with seizures reported outside of common Finnish variant. Sources: Literature |
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| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1380 | SCN9A | Bryony Thompson Added comment: Comment on list classification: ClinGen Epilepsy GCEP curated gene-disease association with epilepsy: A novel publication provides evidence against pathogenicity for a previously reported variant providing the primary evidence for an association with epilepsy. Classification - 03/09/2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1085 | UFSP2 |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis changed review comment from: Ni et al (2021 - PMID: 33473208) describe the phenotype of 8 children (belonging to 4 families - 2 of which consanguineous) homozygous for a UFSP2 missense variant [NM_018359.5:c.344T>A; p.(Val115Glu)]. Members of a broader consanguineous pedigree from Pakistan with 3 affected children with epilepsy and DD and ID underwent exome sequencing. All affected individuals were homozygous for the specific SNV with their parents (2 parent pairs, in both cases first cousins) being heterozygous. An unaffected sib was homozygous for the wt allele. Through genematching platforms 3 additional families with similarly affected individuals and homozygosity for the same variant were recruited. These additional families were from Pakistan (1/3) and Afganistan (2/3). Based on ROH analysis from the broader first pedigree and an additional family the authors concluded on a single shared region of homozygosity on chr 4q. Lack of ES data did not allow verification of whether 2/4 families shared the same haplotype with the other 2. The authors calculated the probability of the genotype-phenotype cosegragation occurring by chance (0.009) and this was lower than the recommended criterion (0.06) for strong evidence of pathogenicity. Shared features included abnormal tone in most (hypotonia 6/8, limb hypertonia 1/8), seizures (8/8 - onset 2d - 7m), severe DD with speech delay/absent speech (8/8), ID (8/8), strabismus (6/8). UFSP2 encodes UFM1-specific protease 2 involved in UFmylation, a post-translational protein modification. As summarized by the authors the cysteine protease encoded by this gene (as is also the case for UFSP1) cleaves UFM1 in the initial step of UFMylation. Apart from producing mature UFM1, the 2 proteases have also the ability to release UFM1 from UFMylated proteins, in the process of de-UFMylation. [several refs. provided] UFMylation is important in brain development with mutations in genes encoding other components of the pathway reported in other NDD disorders (incl. UFM1, UBA5, UFC1). Additional studies were carried to provide evidence for pathogenicity of this variant. Skin biopsies from 3 individuals were carried out to establish fibroblast cultures. Immunoblotting revealed reduced UFSP2 levels relative to controls. mRNA levels measured by qRT-PCR revealed no differences compared to controls altogether suggesting normal mRNA but reduced protein stability. The authors demonstrated increased levels of UFM1-conjugated proteins (incl. DDRGK1, or TRIP4). Ectopic expression of wt UFSP2 normalized the levels of UFMylated proteins in the fibroblasts which was not the case for the V115E variant. Further the variant was difficult to detect by immunoblotting consistent with an effect on protein destabilization. Although disruption of UFMylation induces ER stress, this was not shown to occur in patient fibroblast lines, when assessed for ER stress markers. Evaluation of data from the GTEx project, concerning UFSP2 as well as well as DDRGK1 or TRIP4 - an UFMylation target - revealed relevant expression in multiple regions of the human brain. Overall the authors provide evidence for defective de-UFMylation in patient fibroblasts (presence of increased UFMylation marks). The authors stress out that the effect of the variant in UFMylation in brain is unknown, as UFSP1 or other enzymes might compensate in the presence of hypomorphic UFSP2 mutants. Biallelic UFSP2 variants have previously been reported in 2 skeletal dysplasias [# 142669. BEUKES HIP DYSPLASIA; BHD and # 617974. SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, DI ROCCO TYPE; SEMDDR]. These disorders are not characterized by neurological dysfunction or epilepsy. The authors underscore the fact that variants identified in these disorders (Y290H, D526A, H428R) localize within the C-terminal catalytic (peptidase) domain [aa 278 – 461] while the variant here identified lies in the N-terminal substrate binding domain affecting protein stability/abundance. In OMIM, only the 2 aforementioned disorders are currently associated with biallelic UFSP2 mutations. There is no associated phenotype in G2P. SysID includes UFSP2 among the primary ID genes. You may consider inclusion in the current panel with amber/green rating. Sources: Literature; to: Ni et al (2021 - PMID: 33473208) describe the phenotype of 8 children (belonging to 4 families - 2 of which consanguineous) homozygous for a UFSP2 missense variant [NM_018359.5:c.344T>A; p.(Val115Glu)]. Members of a broader consanguineous pedigree from Pakistan with 3 affected children with epilepsy and DD and ID underwent exome sequencing. All affected individuals were homozygous for the specific SNV with their parents (2 parent pairs, in both cases first cousins) being heterozygous. An unaffected sib was homozygous for the wt allele. Through genematching platforms 3 additional families with similarly affected individuals and homozygosity for the same variant were recruited. These additional families were from Pakistan (1/3) and Afganistan (2/3). Based on ROH analysis from the broader first pedigree and an additional family the authors concluded on a single shared region of homozygosity on chr 4q. Lack of ES data did not allow verification of whether 2/4 families shared the same haplotype with the other 2. The authors calculated the probability of the genotype-phenotype cosegragation occurring by chance (0.009) and this was lower than the recommended criterion (0.06) for strong evidence of pathogenicity. Shared features included abnormal tone in most (hypotonia 6/8, limb hypertonia 1/8), seizures (8/8 - onset 2d - 7m), severe DD with speech delay/absent speech (8/8), ID (8/8), strabismus (6/8). UFSP2 encodes UFM1-specific protease 2 involved in UFmylation, a post-translational protein modification. As summarized by the authors the cysteine protease encoded by this gene (as is also the case for UFSP1) cleaves UFM1 in the initial step of UFMylation. Apart from producing mature UFM1, the 2 proteases have also the ability to release UFM1 from UFMylated proteins, in the process of de-UFMylation. [several refs. provided] UFMylation is important in brain development with mutations in genes encoding other components of the pathway reported in other NDD disorders (incl. UFM1, UBA5, UFC1). Additional studies were carried to provide evidence for pathogenicity of this variant. Skin biopsies from 3 individuals were carried out to establish fibroblast cultures. Immunoblotting revealed reduced UFSP2 levels relative to controls. mRNA levels measured by qRT-PCR revealed no differences compared to controls altogether suggesting normal mRNA but reduced protein stability. The authors demonstrated increased levels of UFM1-conjugated proteins (incl. DDRGK1, or TRIP4). Ectopic expression of wt UFSP2 normalized the levels of UFMylated proteins in the fibroblasts which was not the case for the V115E variant. Further the variant was difficult to detect by immunoblotting consistent with an effect on protein destabilization. Although disruption of UFMylation induces ER stress, this was not shown to occur in patient fibroblast lines, when assessed for ER stress markers. Evaluation of data from the GTEx project, concerning UFSP2 as well as well as DDRGK1 or TRIP4 - an UFMylation target - revealed relevant expression in multiple regions of the human brain. Overall the authors provide evidence for defective de-UFMylation in patient fibroblasts (presence of increased UFMylation marks). The authors stress out that the effect of the variant in UFMylation in brain is unknown, as UFSP1 or other enzymes might compensate in the presence of hypomorphic UFSP2 mutants. **Monoallelic** (correction to previous review) UFSP2 variants have previously been reported in 2 skeletal dysplasias [# 142669. BEUKES HIP DYSPLASIA; BHD and # 617974. SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, DI ROCCO TYPE; SEMDDR]. These disorders are not characterized by neurological dysfunction or epilepsy. The authors underscore the fact that variants identified in these disorders (Y290H, D526A, H428R) localize within the C-terminal catalytic (peptidase) domain [aa 278 – 461] while the variant here identified lies in the N-terminal substrate binding domain affecting protein stability/abundance. In OMIM, only the 2 aforementioned disorders are currently associated with biallelic UFSP2 mutations. There is no associated phenotype in G2P. SysID includes UFSP2 among the primary ID genes. You may consider inclusion in the current panel with amber/green rating. Sources: Literature |
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| Genetic Epilepsy v0.1084 | UFSP2 |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: UFSP2 was added gene: UFSP2 was added to Genetic Epilepsy. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: UFSP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: UFSP2 were set to 33473208 Phenotypes for gene: UFSP2 were set to Abnormal muscle tone; Seizures; Global developmental delay; Delayed speech and language development; Intellectual disability; Strabismus Penetrance for gene: UFSP2 were set to Complete Review for gene: UFSP2 was set to AMBER Added comment: Ni et al (2021 - PMID: 33473208) describe the phenotype of 8 children (belonging to 4 families - 2 of which consanguineous) homozygous for a UFSP2 missense variant [NM_018359.5:c.344T>A; p.(Val115Glu)]. Members of a broader consanguineous pedigree from Pakistan with 3 affected children with epilepsy and DD and ID underwent exome sequencing. All affected individuals were homozygous for the specific SNV with their parents (2 parent pairs, in both cases first cousins) being heterozygous. An unaffected sib was homozygous for the wt allele. Through genematching platforms 3 additional families with similarly affected individuals and homozygosity for the same variant were recruited. These additional families were from Pakistan (1/3) and Afganistan (2/3). Based on ROH analysis from the broader first pedigree and an additional family the authors concluded on a single shared region of homozygosity on chr 4q. Lack of ES data did not allow verification of whether 2/4 families shared the same haplotype with the other 2. The authors calculated the probability of the genotype-phenotype cosegragation occurring by chance (0.009) and this was lower than the recommended criterion (0.06) for strong evidence of pathogenicity. Shared features included abnormal tone in most (hypotonia 6/8, limb hypertonia 1/8), seizures (8/8 - onset 2d - 7m), severe DD with speech delay/absent speech (8/8), ID (8/8), strabismus (6/8). UFSP2 encodes UFM1-specific protease 2 involved in UFmylation, a post-translational protein modification. As summarized by the authors the cysteine protease encoded by this gene (as is also the case for UFSP1) cleaves UFM1 in the initial step of UFMylation. Apart from producing mature UFM1, the 2 proteases have also the ability to release UFM1 from UFMylated proteins, in the process of de-UFMylation. [several refs. provided] UFMylation is important in brain development with mutations in genes encoding other components of the pathway reported in other NDD disorders (incl. UFM1, UBA5, UFC1). Additional studies were carried to provide evidence for pathogenicity of this variant. Skin biopsies from 3 individuals were carried out to establish fibroblast cultures. Immunoblotting revealed reduced UFSP2 levels relative to controls. mRNA levels measured by qRT-PCR revealed no differences compared to controls altogether suggesting normal mRNA but reduced protein stability. The authors demonstrated increased levels of UFM1-conjugated proteins (incl. DDRGK1, or TRIP4). Ectopic expression of wt UFSP2 normalized the levels of UFMylated proteins in the fibroblasts which was not the case for the V115E variant. Further the variant was difficult to detect by immunoblotting consistent with an effect on protein destabilization. Although disruption of UFMylation induces ER stress, this was not shown to occur in patient fibroblast lines, when assessed for ER stress markers. Evaluation of data from the GTEx project, concerning UFSP2 as well as well as DDRGK1 or TRIP4 - an UFMylation target - revealed relevant expression in multiple regions of the human brain. Overall the authors provide evidence for defective de-UFMylation in patient fibroblasts (presence of increased UFMylation marks). The authors stress out that the effect of the variant in UFMylation in brain is unknown, as UFSP1 or other enzymes might compensate in the presence of hypomorphic UFSP2 mutants. Biallelic UFSP2 variants have previously been reported in 2 skeletal dysplasias [# 142669. BEUKES HIP DYSPLASIA; BHD and # 617974. SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, DI ROCCO TYPE; SEMDDR]. These disorders are not characterized by neurological dysfunction or epilepsy. The authors underscore the fact that variants identified in these disorders (Y290H, D526A, H428R) localize within the C-terminal catalytic (peptidase) domain [aa 278 – 461] while the variant here identified lies in the N-terminal substrate binding domain affecting protein stability/abundance. In OMIM, only the 2 aforementioned disorders are currently associated with biallelic UFSP2 mutations. There is no associated phenotype in G2P. SysID includes UFSP2 among the primary ID genes. You may consider inclusion in the current panel with amber/green rating. Sources: Literature |
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| Genetic Epilepsy v0.774 | MADD |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: MADD was added gene: MADD was added to Genetic Epilepsy. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MADD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MADD were set to 28940097; 29302074; 32761064 Phenotypes for gene: MADD were set to Global developmental delay / Intellectual disability / Seizures; Global developmental delay / Intellectual disability / Seizures / Abnormality of the endocrine system / Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency / Constipation / Diarrhea / Anemia / Thrombocytopenia / Abnormality of the autonomic nervous system Penetrance for gene: MADD were set to Complete Review for gene: MADD was set to GREEN Added comment: There are 3 reports on the phenotype of individuals with biallelic pathogenic MADD variants. Clinical presentation appears to be relevant for inclusion of this gene in both ID and epilepsy panels. A recent study provides extensive clinical details and suggests that the phenotype may range from DD/ID to a severe pleiotropic disorder characterized by severe DD (and ID), sensory and autonomic dysfunction, exocrine and endocrine insufficiency and haematological anomalies). Seizures have been reported in several individuals with either presentation. ----- Anazi et al (2017 - PMID: 28940097) identified MADD as a potential ID gene. The authors described a girl with profound DD and seizures among other features. The child, deceased at the age of 14m, was born to consanguineous Saoudi parents and was found to harbour a homozygous missense SNV [NM_003682.3:c.2930T>G:p.(Val977Gly)]. Through GeneMatcher, the authors identified a further 6 y.o. girl, compound heterozygous for a missense and a stopgain variant [NM_003682.3:c.593G>A:p.(Arg198His) and c.979C>T:p.(Arg327*)]. The child had normal development and milestones until the age of 15m, when she demonstrated delay in speech, social interactions, poor eye contact and was later diagnosed with ASD. ----- Hu et al (2019 - PMID: 29302074) provided details on a 22- and 30- y.o. female born to (reportedly) unrelated parents. Formal evaluation (WAIS-IV) suggested ID in the mild to moderate range(IQs of 50 and 60 respectively). Both were homozygous for an indel [NM_003682:c.3559del / p.(Met1187*)]. ----- Schneeberger et al (2020 - PMID: 32761064) report on 23 affected subjects. The authors categorized the phenotypes in 2 groups. 9 individuals belonging to group 1 presented with hypotonia, DD (9/9) with speech impaiment, ID (5/5) and seizures (6/9). 14 patients, belonging to group 2 had DD (9/9 - severe), ID (3/3), seizures (9/14), endo- and exocrine dysfunction, impairment of sensory and autonomic nervous system, haematological anomalies. The course was fatal in some cases, within the later group. Some facial features appeared to be more frequent (e.g. full cheeks, small mouth, tented upper lip - small palpebral fissures in some, etc). Genital anomalies were also common in males from both groups. All were found to harbor biallelic MADD variants (21 different - missense and pLoF SNVs as well as an intragenic deletion). Variants in all cases affected all 7 isoforms. Data did not allow genotype-phenotype correlations e.g. individuals with missense and a pLoF variant (in trans) were identified within either group. Studies using patient-derived fibroblasts supported the role of the variants, e.g. lower mRNA levels for those where NMD would apply, deficiency or drastic reduction of the protein upon immunobloting (also the case for missense variants) and mRNA analyses demonstrating aberrant transcripts for 2 relevant variants. MADD encodes the MAPK-activating protein containing a death domain implicated among others in neurotransmission (Rab3 GEF and effector playing a role in formation/trafficking of synaptic vessicles), cell survival (pro-apoptotic effects/protection against apoptosis upon TNF-a treatment), etc. The gene has relevant expression pattern in fetal and adult brain (discussed by Hu et al). Studies in patient fibroblasts provide evidence of reduced activation of MAP kinases ERK1/2 upon treatment with TNF-a, activation of the intrinsic (TNF-a-dependent-) apoptosis. MADD deficiency was shown to result to decreased EGF endocytosis (likely mediated by Rab3). Mouse model further supports the role of MADD (summary by MGI: "Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele die shortly after birth due to respiratory failure, are hyporesponsive to tactile stimuli, and exhibit defects in neurotransmitter release with impaired synaptic vesicle trafficking and depletion of synaptic vesicles at the neuromuscular junction."). You may consider inclusion in other gene panels e.g. for hematologic (low Hb and thrombocytopenia in several) or GI (e.g diarrhea) disorders. Sources: Literature |
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| Genetic Epilepsy v0.0 | NAGA |
Zornitza Stark gene: NAGA was added gene: NAGA was added to Genetic Epilepsy_AustralianGenomics_VCGS. Sources: Australian Genomics Health Alliance Epilepsy Flagship,Expert Review Green,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Mode of inheritance for gene: NAGA was set to Unknown |
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