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Ataxia - paediatric v0.312 NOVA2 Chirag Patel gene: NOVA2 was added
gene: NOVA2 was added to Ataxia - paediatric. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: NOVA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: NOVA2 were set to PMID: 32197073
Phenotypes for gene: NOVA2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without autistic features and/or structural brain abnormalities, OMIM #618859
Review for gene: NOVA2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Six individuals with de novo frameshift variants resulting in C-terminal extension suggesting partial LoF as mechanism. Early-onset neurologic disorder characterized by global developmental delay, poor or absent speech and language development, and behavioral abnormalities reminiscent of autism spectrum disorder. Additional features may include poor overall growth with small head circumference, axial hypotonia, spasticity, and seizures. Some patients have abnormal findings on brain imaging, including cerebral atrophy, cerebellar atrophy, and/or thin corpus callosum.
Sources: Literature
Ataxia - paediatric v0.301 GEMIN5 Chirag Patel gene: GEMIN5 was added
gene: GEMIN5 was added to Ataxia - paediatric. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GEMIN5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GEMIN5 were set to PMID: 34569062, 33963192
Phenotypes for gene: GEMIN5 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction, OMIM # 619333
Review for gene: GEMIN5 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction (NEDCAM) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by global developmental delay with prominent motor abnormalities, mainly axial hypotonia, gait ataxia, and appendicular spasticity. Affected individuals have cognitive impairment and speech delay; brain imaging shows cerebellar atrophy. 30 individuals from 22 unrelated families reported by Kour et al (2021).

Saida et al (2021) report compound heterozygous GEMIN5 variants in 2 individuals with cerebellar atrophy/hypoplasia. Three novel truncating variants and one previously reported missense variant were identified. Western blotting analysis using lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from both affected individuals showed significantly reduced levels of GEMIN5 protein. Zebrafish model for null variants p.(Arg733Thrfs*6) and p.(Ala1305Leufs*14) exhibited complete lethality at 2 weeks and recapitulated a distinct dysplastic phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Ataxia - paediatric v0.286 ATG7 Zornitza Stark gene: ATG7 was added
gene: ATG7 was added to Ataxia - paediatric. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATG7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ATG7 were set to 34161705
Phenotypes for gene: ATG7 were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, SCAR31, MIM#619422
Review for gene: ATG7 was set to GREEN
Added comment: 12 individuals from 5 unrelated families reported with a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and bi-allelic variants in this gene. Age range from 21 months to 71 years of age. Main clinical features included axial hypotonia, variably impaired intellectual development with poor or absent speech, and delayed walking (up to 7 years of age) or inability to walk. All had ataxia, often with tremor or dyskinesia, as well as dysarthria associated with cerebellar hypoplasia on brain imaging. Most had optic atrophy, and some had ptosis, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, retinopathy, and strabismus; 1 had early-onset cataracts. The ore severely affected individuals had spastic paraplegia and inability to walk.

Functional data including mouse model.
Sources: Literature
Ataxia - paediatric v0.279 SLC25A46 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus.

At least 10 unrelated families reported, supportive functional data.; to: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus. New PCH disease entity added by OMIM in 2021 to reflect the more severe end of the spectrum.

At least 10 unrelated families reported, supportive functional data.
Ataxia - paediatric v0.263 MAG Zornitza Stark Publications for gene: MAG were set to 32629324; 32340215
Ataxia - paediatric v0.262 MAG Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: MAG: Added comment: Four more individuals reported with variable combinations of psychomotor delay, ataxia, eye movement abnormalities, spasticity, dystonia, and neuropathic symptoms.; Changed publications: 32629324, 32340215, 32629324; Changed phenotypes: Spastic paraplegia 75, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616680, Cerebellar ataxia, Oculomotor apraxia
Ataxia - paediatric v0.259 MAG Zornitza Stark Marked gene: MAG as ready
Ataxia - paediatric v0.259 MAG Zornitza Stark Gene: mag has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Ataxia - paediatric v0.259 MAG Zornitza Stark Classified gene: MAG as Green List (high evidence)
Ataxia - paediatric v0.259 MAG Zornitza Stark Gene: mag has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Ataxia - paediatric v0.258 MAG Zornitza Stark gene: MAG was added
gene: MAG was added to Ataxia - paediatric. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAG was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MAG were set to 32629324; 32340215
Phenotypes for gene: MAG were set to Spastic paraplegia 75, autosomal recessive, MIM# 616680; Cerebellar ataxia; Oculomotor apraxia
Review for gene: MAG was set to GREEN
Added comment: At least 5 families reported where ataxia was a prominent feature.
Sources: Literature
Ataxia - paediatric v0.255 SLC25A46 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus.

Nine unrelated families reported, supportive functional data.; to: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus.

At least 10 unrelated families reported, supportive functional data.
Ataxia - paediatric v0.255 SLC25A46 Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: Age of onset is variable, but childhood onset described. Ataxia is a feature.; to: Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VIB is an autosomal recessive complex progressive neurologic disorder characterized mainly by early-onset optic atrophy resulting in progressive visual loss and peripheral axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with highly variable age at onset and severity. Affected individuals also have cerebellar or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging, and they show abnormal movements, such as ataxia, dysmetria, and myoclonus.

Nine unrelated families reported, supportive functional data.
Ataxia - paediatric v0.251 RORA Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: 11 unrelated individuals with syndromic intellectual disability and de novo variants in this gene. Severity varied from mild borderline intellectual disability with mild speech delay or normal speech, through to severe cognitive impairment with poor or absent speech. Most had ataxia, hypotonia, poor coordination, and/or mild tremor, suggesting cerebellar dysfunction. Three individuals had documented cerebellar hypoplasia or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Seven had seizures of variable types, including neonatal myoclonic, tonic-clonic, multifocal, generalized, and absence. Five were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. More variable features included strabismus, esotropia, nystagmus, and oculomotor apraxia; to: 11 unrelated individuals with syndromic intellectual disability and de novo variants in this gene. Severity varied from mild borderline intellectual disability with mild speech delay or normal speech, through to severe cognitive impairment with poor or absent speech. Most had ataxia, hypotonia, poor coordination, and/or mild tremor, suggesting cerebellar dysfunction. Three individuals had documented cerebellar hypoplasia or pontocerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. Seven had seizures of variable types, including neonatal myoclonic, tonic-clonic, multifocal, generalized, and absence. Five were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. More variable features included strabismus, esotropia, nystagmus, and oculomotor apraxia.

Postulated that some variants exert dominant-negative effect resulting in a more severe phenotype than the LoF variants.
Ataxia - paediatric v0.59 VPS13D Zornitza Stark gene: VPS13D was added
gene: VPS13D was added to Ataxia - paediatric. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS13D was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: VPS13D were set to 29604224; 29518281
Phenotypes for gene: VPS13D were set to Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 4, MIM# 607317
Review for gene: VPS13D was set to GREEN
Added comment: Seven unrelated families reported, some functional data. Age at onset is highly variable: some have onset in early childhood with delayed walking, whereas others have onset of gait difficulties in adulthood. Additional features may include dysarthria, oculomotor abnormalities, distal sensory impairment, dystonia, chorea, hypotonia, pyramidal signs, and cerebellar atrophy on brain imaging. The disorder is slowly progressive. Some individuals with onset in childhood may have global developmental delay with mild intellectual disability.
Sources: Expert list